ENDOTRACHEAL CONNECTIONS

Endotracheal extubation.

N Engl J Med 2014;370:e4. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMvcm1300964 Copyright © 2014 Massachusetts Medical Society. Overview Endotracheal extubation refers to the removal of an endotracheal tube from the trachea. This procedure is commonly performed in operating rooms, postanesthesia care units, and intensive care units. This review focuses on extubation of the trachea after general anesthesia and short-term...

Endotracheal tube extubation force: adhesive tape versus endotracheal tube holder.

BACKGROUND Adhesive tape is commonly used to secure the endotracheal tube (ETT) in anesthesia and intensive-care settings. OBJECTIVE To determine the force required to extubate when the ETT is secured with adhesive tape or commercially available ETT holders. METHODS We orally intubated a simulation manikin with a standard 8.0-mm inner-diameter ETT, inflated the cuff to 20 cm H(2)O, and mea...

Regular Connections among Generalized Connections

The properties of the space A of regular connections as a subset of the space A of generalized connections in the Ashtekar framework are studied. For every choice of compact structure group and smoothness category for the paths it is determined whether A is dense in A or not. Moreover, it is proven that A has Ashtekar-Lewandowski measure zero for every nontrivial structure group and every smoot...

Shen's Processes on Finslerian Connections

Endotracheal cardiac output monitor.

BACKGROUND The endotracheal cardiac output monitor (ECOM) is a new device that uses an endotracheal tube with multiple electrodes to measure cardiac output (CO). It measures the changes in electrical impedance caused by pulsatile blood flow in the aorta. The system was tested for safety and efficacy in 10 swine. METHODS Swine (60-80 kg) were chronically instrumented with a transit time flow p...